The C/Invoke Lua Binding uses the new Lua module system, so to use C/Invokein your Lua programs, load the module like so:

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To call C functions easily without writing a Lua module, declare a newinstance of the clibrary class to load a dynamic library. The clibraryinstance has methods which allow you to load functions and variables, similarto dlopen() and dlsym() on UNIX, except that you also specify the types ofthe parameters and the return value:

Here we load libc.so.6 (you will have to adjust this for operating systemsother than GNU/Linux) and then call get_function on the returned instance.We pass arguments to get_function to specify a function named 'getpass' whichreturns a type Cstring (essentially a const char *) and takes a single argumentof type Cstring. get_function returns a callable Lua function object, which weassign to a variable also named getpass. This function is now usable:

This project is useful in any environment where Lua code is accepted, with the powerful option of simply declaring any existing API using TypeScript declaration files. Type Safety Static types can ease the mental burden of writing programs, by automatically tracking information the programmer would otherwise have to track mentally in some fashion. There are ways to translate (mod note: non-obfuscated) MTA: SA.luac files back to standard.lua code, and the answer is lying on the Internet with only doing a quick search on Google and in these forums. However, you need to understand very well how does MTA load a compiled script, what features does Lua offer and how to make it work in a way.

Thus we have now integrated the previously unavailable getpass() functioninto Lua, without writing any C!

The clibrary class also has a method to create a callback, which isanalogous to a C function pointer, and which allows C libraries to callLua functions. There is also a cstructure class for defining struct types,as well as a cinv class which provides global helper methods toassist with data marshalling.

There are two sorts of types in cinvoke_lua, built-in and user-defined. Thelist of built-in types is in the class reference below, and includes most ofthe basic types from C (integers, floating point values, etc.). These aremarshaled to and from Lua as one would generally expect. Values of type Ccharare marshaled as Lua strings with length 1, not as their byte (integer) value.

Another built-in type is Cstring, which as mentioned earlier is usefulfor marshaling constant strings. Note we must emphasize the 'constant'; Lua strings are immutable and passing them to a function which writes to theirmemory is extremely bad. You can also have functions which return stringvalues, in which case the value returned is truncated at the first 0 character.

This limitation on returning string data as well as almost any otherlimitation can be overcome with the use of arrays and pointers. To declarean array type, use the cinv.array function on a non-array type. Arrays inLua are represented in the normal manner with a table:

As you can see, with an array you can have values written back to Lua viaparameters. This function also uses the Cptr built-in type as the returntype. A ptr is an opaque object (actually represented by a string) whichcan be used to send or receive raw pointer values to C. They can then beused with functions such as cinv.ptr_to_array and cinv.ptr_to_struct tomarshal values which would otherwise be impossible for C/Invoke to determine(for example, returning an array directly from a function is not allowedbecause C/Invoke doesn't know the length of the returned value). Using ptrsalso allows you to capture data returned by functions like malloc() and thenlater return their pointer values back to the C library.

In general, you can use arrays whenever you wish to pass a pointer value asa parameter (in C, an array with one element and a pointer are essentially thesame). Ptrs are useful for return values as well as situations where youmust hand-marshal parameters. If you wish to pass a NULL value to afunction, C/Invoke allows you to pass a nil value for an array or ptr. Ptrparams will also accept the integer 0 as a NULL value.

The cstructure class contains one method to create a new structure type.For example, to create the equivalent of the following C definition:

One would do the following:

And to use them:

Struct types cannot be passed by value, only in arrays and marshaled byhand with pointers.

The final built-in type is Ccallback, which represents all C functionpointers. To create an instance of a callback, use the clibrary:new_callbackmethod, passing the Lua function you would like to call instead of the nameof the function to load as in get_function (this method is a member of clibrarybecause it uses the calling convention that the library was declared with):

Lua:

A warning: you should only use callbacks in situations where all calls to the callback are done inside the called function. This will ensure that the Luacontext being called back to is still active. It is especially dangerous fora C function to keep a reference to a callback and then call it later inanother thread; the Lua object holding the callback may have beengarbage collected and the Lua interpreter is not thread safe.

Built-in Types

Cvoid

A placeholder to declare a function with no return value.

Cchar

The char type is always 1 byte wide. This type is marshaled as a Lua stringwith length 1.

Cshort

The short type is marshaled as an integer.

Cint

The int type is marshaled as an integer.

Clong

The long type is marshaled as an integer.

Clonglong

The long long integer type is available on some platforms; it istypically used to represent an 8-byte integer on 32-bit machines.

Cint16

This integer type is aliased to the type which is two bytes wide on the current platform.

How do you open dmg files. Cint32

This integer type is aliased to the type which is four bytes wide on the current platform.

Cint64

This integer type is aliased to the type which is eight bytes wide on the current platform.

Cfloat

C floating point values are marshaled as a Lua number.

Cdouble

C double-precision floating point values are marshaled as a Lua member.

Cstring

The string type allows Lua strings to be passed to functions accepting aconst char *. Do not use this type for mutable arrays or to return a valuefrom a function which is not 0 terminated.

Cptr

This type represents a Pointer value, however large that may be on the currentplatform. Values of this type should only be either returned from a Cfunction, or the value nil or the integer 0. You can pass values of this typeto many members of the cinv class to marshal values which would otherwisebe difficult to for C/Invoke to process.

Ccallback

Represents any C function pointer, regardless of the prototype. Valid valuesare generated (with prototype information) by the clibrary:new_callback method.

Classes

cinv

array(type)

Returns a new type representing a C array (passed by reference) of thespecified type. The passed type is not modified.

chararray_to_string(arr[, len])

Converts a Lua array (a table with integer keys) of values of type Cchar to a Lua string. If len isnot specified, the length is determined by the length of the array.

string_to_chararray(str[, includenil])

Converts a Lua string to a Lua array (a table with integer keys) of values of type Cchar. If includenil is true, then the last element of the array will bea 0 byte value.

ptr_to_string(ptr[, len])

Converts a ptr value (presumably pointing to an array of chars) to a Luastring. If len is not specified, conversion continues up until the first 0character.

ptr_to_array(ptr, type, len)

Converts a ptr value to a Lua array of values of the specified type. Thismethod provides a way to unmarshal return values consisting of pointers tostructures.

ptr_to_struct(ptr, type)

Converts a ptr value to a Lua table, with the keys and values set to thefields of the specified structure type. Essentially equivalent tocinv.ptr_to_array(ptr, type, 1)[1].

ptr_to_callback(ptr)

Converts a ptr value to a value suitable for passing as a Ccallback.Useful for C functions which return function pointers.

callback_to_ptr(cb)

Converts a C/Invoke callback returned by clibrary:new_callback to a raw ptrv

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